China Tests Non-Nuclear Hydrogen Bomb

China has successfully field-tested a non-nuclear “hydrogen bomb” developed by the 705 Research Institute of the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC). The innovative device utilizes magnesium hydride, triggering a powerful chain reaction that produces a fireball with temperatures exceeding 1,000 degrees Celsius. The explosion of a two-kilogram prototype showcased the bomb’s capability to strike targets uniformly across a wide area while maintaining controlled intensity. Experts suggest that this breakthrough could transform the development of precision and environmentally friendly weapons, thereby enhancing China’s position in the global arms race.

The mechanism of the device is based on magnesium hydride, which contains over 7% hydrogen. When activated by conventional explosives, magnesium hydride undergoes thermal decomposition, releasing hydrogen gas that ignites instantly. Unlike traditional TNT charges, which create short-lived explosions, this new bomb generates a prolonged fireball lasting over two seconds—15 times longer than a comparable TNT explosion. Developers have highlighted the technology’s ability to precisely regulate the force of the explosion, allowing for versatile applications on the battlefield. Furthermore, the absence of nuclear components renders the device safer for the environment, aligning with modern military development standards.

The recent tests, conducted under controlled conditions, form part of China’s broader initiative to innovate weapons capable of competing with Western counterparts. The CSSC’s design could also have civilian applications, such as in firefighting and disaster relief, due to its controlled energy release. However, experts remain focused on the military implications, believing this device could enhance the arsenal of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).

Current reports from open sources underscore Beijing’s ambitious military modernization plans. According to Lenta.ru, testing of the non-nuclear hydrogen bomb is part of a comprehensive program that includes the development of hypersonic missiles and microwave weapons. Earlier, on January 19, 2025, China conducted the final tests of a hypersonic air-to-air missile capable of engaging advanced U.S. aircraft, including the B-21 bomber. These advancements reflect China’s determination to close the technological gap with the United States and Russia, thereby solidifying its global standing.

The magnesium hydride used in the bomb imparts unique characteristics, enabling prolonged thermal effects that surpass those of traditional explosives. Weighing just 2 kg, the device can generate destructive effects comparable to heavier munitions, making it a promising candidate for compact weapon systems. According to experts, this technology can also be adapted for targeting large areas, enhancing its strategic significance.