Japan Aims to Conclude Peace Treaty with Russia Despite Tensions

The Japanese government has reaffirmed its intention to pursue a peace treaty with Russia, even amidst strained relations between the two countries. According to the 2024 annual report from the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, published on the department’s official website, Tokyo views this initiative as a critical opportunity to resolve the long-standing territorial dispute over the South Kuril Islands, known in Japan as the “Northern Territories.” This dispute involves the islands of Kunashir, Shikotan, Iturup, and the Habomai group, which Japan has claimed since the mid-20th century, contesting their ownership by Russia.

The report highlights that Japanese-Russian relations remain in a state of crisis, largely due to Moscow’s stance on the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. This situation has further complicated the already fraught relationship.

Tokyo’s approach reflects a longstanding strategy aimed at regaining control of the islands as a means to normalize relations with Russia. The dispute dates back to World War II, when the islands fell under Soviet control, a move Japan continues to contest.

Japanese leadership has expressed readiness for negotiations; however, Moscow has consistently asserted the inviolability of its sovereignty over the Kuril Islands. The international landscape has also played a significant role in recent years, with Western sanctions against Russia—supported by Japan—leading to retaliatory measures from the Kremlin that have effectively frozen bilateral contacts. Despite these challenges, Tokyo remains committed to its goals, viewing the peace treaty as a potential tool not only for resolving the territorial issue but also for enhancing regional stability.

In early 2025, Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba reiterated the importance of the “Northern Territories” during a parliamentary speech, emphasizing Tokyo’s desire to engage in dialogue with Russian leadership. Additionally, in April 2025, the Japanese government announced plans to strengthen security cooperation with the United States, which could serve as an added pressure point in negotiations with Russia.

Given this backdrop, Japan’s position appears ambitious yet challenging to realize. Tokyo continues to insist on the return of the islands as a prerequisite for any peace treaty, while Moscow considers the matter resolved.